Argument for God using the Design argument Essay

Contention for God utilizing the Design contention - Essay Example The world was made such that individuals have no control or piece of information of the event or presence of various marvels. This article will investigate and avow that God exists through the contention for plan. Postulation Statement: The coordination and the mind boggling manner by which people live by reason recommend the presence of a clever planner. Diagram Our lives on the planet are motivated by the occasions and exercises that we, people, attempt. Be that as it may, in the process we have inquiries on our reality and, in particular, on whether God exists. A contention by configuration clarifies the presence of God using realities, hypotheses and instances of how God made life. The world is intended for human inhabitation in light of the fact that there is an example wherein life happens and exists. It is consistent with contend that the world and life were planned by somebody or a soul that is unexplainable because of the accompanying realities: Teleological requests: This i s utilized to clarify how request on the planet happens since everything on the planet appears to follow a specific example. Teleological request can exist as spatial and fleeting request whereby spatial request clarifies the co-nearness while the last clarifies progression. It is anything but difficult to take a gander at the world and miracle at the realities of co-nearness and progression. For example, the human body is comprised of a large number of parts which interface with each other to think of a mind boggling living animal. William Paley who was a supporter of normal teleology contended that as a watch is a watch that is comprised of a great many parts, at that point additionally the world and human life is planned that way. Another backer of the teleological contention was Thomas Aquinas who contended that we consider the to be as being comprised of numerous things some of which need information. He explains that these creatures represent an end and this is apparent by the little creatures of living things (Sweet 95). Accordingly, a thing that doesn't have information can't move towards and end yet just on the off chance that it is coordinated by a savvy being. Aside from people who have information, characteristic things can't move towards an end and along these lines, what drives their move towards end is a canny being who in this sense is God. Paley’s contention is that the world is made in an ideal way not the same as a watch because of a few reasons. For example, in his common teleological contention he says that â€Å"as a watch is impeccably created and an all around oiled machine,† then the world is likewise great. For example, on the planet there is sufficient oxygen for everyone. It isn't less on the grounds that it would not bolster life and once more, it's anything but a great deal since it could prompt simple burning. Aside from William Paley’s hypothesis, different researchers have bolstered the relationship of plan through the situating of the earth. For example, on the off chance that we take a gander at the manner in which earth is situated, it not all that near the sun since it would make issues individuals and life would not be upheld. Moreover, in the event that the sun was in a far situation from the earth, at that point life would not be upheld on the planet (Sweet 102). The vibe of the universe from this view presents us with end that God was associated with the production of the world. This is added by Isaac Newton who said that the most delightful arrangement of the sun, planets and comets can just continue through the insight and territory of a shrewd and incredible Being. Reactions: The William Paley similarity made a great deal of analysis from a ton of quarters, particularly from David Hume. The first

Is toleration necessary for citizenship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is toleration fundamental for citizenship - Essay Example Issues of toleration are created by disdains towards significant contrasts showing in others or gatherings, with resulting impedance in their exercises. Thus toleration is characterized as the â€Å"suspension of the intensity of obstruction towards detested or opposed differences† insofar as no mischief is caused to anybody by the presence of these distinctions (Galeotti, 1993: 587). The motivation behind this paper is to inspect the significance of toleration for citizenship. It will be resolved whether political resistance practiced by the legislature has an effect on the act of toleration by residents in the public eye. The significance of the development of companionship between various individuals for helpful effect on toleration among residents, and toleration towards sexual minorities and their incorporation will be talked about. The contention enumerating how toleration and citizenship can't be totally liberated from prohibition, the Catch 22s in toleration and the logical inconsistencies in citizenship will serve to give an alternate point of view to the discussion. In an arranged or conscious popular government, there is more anticipated from residents than the negligible quiet toleration of perspectives and reasons that they disdain; particularly in the event that it is recognized that a significant objective of equitable working is to discover ideal and commonly pleasant answers for issues and clashes. Since residents need to basically draw in with one another, toleration relating to non-obstruction would not help for fierce yet agreeable conversation. Further, when toleration is practiced by a dominant part, it might even be undemocratic. A deliberative hypothesis of resistance underscores how consideration across contrasts can be both lenient and law based. â€Å"In a majority rules system, resistance is practiced in settling clashes, and in making differences fruitful†(Bohman, 2003: 758, 762). Further, it is discovered that a

Working Mothers in America's Twentieth Century and Beyond A Social Essay

Working Mothers in America's Twentieth Century and Beyond A Social Perspective - Essay Example Ladies, when all is said in done, possess an optional or subordinate situation in numerous social orders. Plans have been conceived to help working moms beat their financial issues and to give them equivalent chances. Rather than expanding efficiency, advancement forms have consigned ladies into monetary segments that limit social and financial portability. The twentieth century has changed lives and fates of ladies, their social, financial and political jobs in the public eye. Social change raises new issues about the social significance of grown-up character for ladies. Numerous ladies are wedding later, having one kid, and having them sometime down the road than their moms or fabulous moms. Prior to 1900, on the whole male government circles, business arrangements were being created which provided food for an extent of jobless common laborers men, yet which discarded a particular reference to ladies. In spite of the fact that the endeavors of the 'option to work' development in the decade prior to the First World War was to drive the State to acknowledge obligation regarding making paid work for jobless men have been recorded. 1980s-1990s acquired a change social relations and political zone permitting ladies more noteworthy cooperation in workforce and work relations. In this manner, toward the start of the 21st century, the job of working mother is as yet constrained by their societal position (as a mother and a spouse). The start of the twentieth century denoted a ne... owever, support for restricting the paid work of spouses and moms likewise originated from individuals from the utilizing class, including some whose family fortunes owed a lot to the work of wedded ladies. his may have somewhat originated from abhorrence of the way that average workers ladies who had financial autonomy, especially those living in regions where ladies' all day business was the standard were generally dynamic in the ladies' testimonial development. The ladies' practically equivalent compensation and better conditions were counterbalanced by longer long stretches of work (Baxandall and Gordon 1995). These would have been hazardous for widows with sole obligation regarding small kids. Conditions on open works for men were made generally ugly, through arrangement creators' interests that men ought not come to favor these transitory plans to their typical business; however this was not the situation on the ladies' plans, nor was it seen as an issue. In spite of the fact t hat in the greater part of the workrooms the ladies delighted in preferable compensation and conditions over in their typical work, no worry was communicated that ladies' motivators to proceed onward to paid business would be sabotaged. This seems to have been founded on a solid protection from seeing ladies, even widows, as having a legitimate spot in the work advertise (Anderson and Eamon 2005). Prior to the WWII, social protection was viewed as cultural insurance against those dangers saw as outside the ability to control of the individual, or dangers caused while adding to the prosperity of the general public in general. At the center of this point of view was worry with the security of earned pay when income were lost incidentally or for all time. Maternity benefits for utilized ladies, as a social protection advantage, were nearly as old as disorder benefits, the most seasoned such advantage. They were

Top 10 Topics on an Essay

Top 10 Topics on an EssayThe top 10 topics on an essay can come with some tricky words or phrases. It will be imperative that you choose the correct topics so that you are able to get a high score on the essay.The top 10 topics on an essay can include technical terms, personal stories, and links to other sites and topics. Before choosing the topic, it is crucial that you have a good idea about how you would like your essay to go. This means that you need to plan out how you would like your essay to go before going out and reading and choosing the topics. One way that you can do this is to write a short list of what you are most interested in and then figure out which topics are relevant to you.One thing to consider is that the top 10 topics on an essay should not be too simple. If you are trying to get a high grade, you will want to make sure that the topics are in the appropriate places so that they are easy to understand.Just remember that you should not choose any topic that is to o serious or too dark. For example, you might think that the topic of a person's life can be related to their career, but it could also be about their personality. A life biography is a very popular topic because you will be able to include a lot of information in it. If you know a little bit about the person, you can learn more about them by using the life biography as a topic.If you are trying to choose a topic that is not too complicated, you might consider picking a topic that is about your passions. For example, if you love to read, you might want to use your passion as a topic for your essay. This is a good idea because you will be able to talk about the things that you are passionate about. Another option is to talk about what you are interested in.You might also consider picking a topic that you enjoy more than anything else in the world. This might be your favorite book, favorite TV show, or even your favorite music. The best way to determine whether you are having fun or n ot is to have fun yourself. This means that you should try to pick a topic that you are interested in.Lastly, there are some topics that are written out of necessity. In this case, you may choose a topic that will assist you in getting the higher grades on your assignment.

Tanga Cement Company Ltd Has Been Doing Well Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2279 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In this century the uses of financial analytical tools such ratio analysis, trend analysis and common sized analysis is inevitable in any organization or company operations. So in order for the company to succeed it must effectively use financial analysis tool. This is because financial analytical tools help to know the health of the business, how to plan for future, if the business have inventories to support production target, or if the firm have ability to pay creditors and also to provide indicators of how well the firm and its business units are performing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tanga Cement Company Ltd Has Been Doing Well Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The financial analysis is also undertaken by shareholders, investors, suppliers of funds and suppliers of inventories and so on (Arora 2012). This report is about the interpretation of financial statements at Tanga Cement Company by using financial analysis tools. This report is divided into four parts. Part one is about background of the case study (Tanga Cement), part two is concerned with financial analysis and tools used in analyzing the financial performance of Tanga Cement, part three is about limitation on analytical tools used and part four comprises of conclusion. The study revealed that Tanga Cement Company Ltd has been doing well in production and it is making reasonable profit year after year. This revelation has been resulted from the Company financial Statements and Financial Analytical tools (Ratio Analysis, Common sized analysis and Trend Analysis). LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Tanga cement balance sheetÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.3 Table 2 Tanga cement income statementÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦4 Table3: Summary of return on sales ratios ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦6 Table 4: Summary of return on Assets ratiosÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.6 Table 5: Summary of current ratiosÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡  ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦..7 Table 6: Summary of quick ratiosÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.8 Table 7: Summary of inventory turnover ratiosÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IT: Information Technology FIFO: First in First out LIFO: Last in First out ROS: Return on Sales TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii LIST OF TABLES i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ii 1.0: BACK GROUND OF TANGA CEMENT COMPANY iv 2.0:FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, ANALYTICAL TOOLS AND ITS INTERPRETATIONS. v 2.1 Financial statements v 2.2 Financial Analysis v Table 1. TANGA CEMENT BALANCE SHEET vii Table 2. TANGA CEMENT INCOME STATEMENT viii 2.2.1 Trend analysis viii 2.2.2 Ratio analysis viii 3: LIMITATIONS ON FINANCIAL ANALYTICAL TOOLS USED xiii 4: CONCLUSION xiv REFERENCES xvi 1.0: BACK GROUND OF TANGA CEMENT COMPANY According to Tanga Cement Website (2011), Tanga Cement is a cement company based in Tanzania. The company was founded in 1980 in alliance with the government of Denmark in 1989, as a state company of the Tanzanian government, entered into a management contract with Holcim Cement of Switzerland. In 1996 the government began to privatize the company and as of 2007 it is owned by public and by Holcim Mauritius. Currently company ownership is as follows: 62.5% Afrisam Mauritius 36.25% Tanzania General Public Institutions 0.75% Employees Share Trust Moreover company production capacity is more than 1,250,000 tones/year where it targets the market demand of Tanzania. With 15000 Tanzanians being the shareholders, Tanga cement shares trade under its brand name Simba, at Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange. The Company produces its financial report in annual bases where those financial reports are uploaded to the website so that every shareholder can check the company financial position online. In our analysis we have taken the yearly financial reports from 2006 up to 2008 as a company financial reports study analysis. 2.0:FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, ANALYTICAL TOOLS AND ITS INTERPRETATIONS. 2.1 Financial statements Financial statements are the summary report that shows how a firm has used the funds entrusted to it by its shareholders and lenders, and what is current financial position (businessdictionary.com 2012). There are three (3) financial statements such as balance sheet, income statement and cash flow. Balance sheet is the financial statement which contains information about resources and the obligations of the entity and about its owners interests in the business at a particular point of time i.e. assets, liabilities and owners equity. Income statement (profit and loss account) is the financial statement which shows the summary of revenues, expenses and net income/loss of a firm during the accounting period. It serves as a measure of the firms profitability. Cash flow statement is the financial statement which shows inflows and outflows of cash during the specific period. 2.2 Financial Analysis Financial Analysis is an assessment of the effectiveness with which funds (investment and dept) are employed in a firm, efficiency and profitability of its operations, and value and safety of debtors claims against the firms assets (businessdictionary.com 2012).There are three (3) techniques and tools that were used in the analysis of financial statements of Tanga cement, such tools includes Trend analysis, Common sized and ratio analysis. SIMBA CEMENT INCOME STATEMENT  YEARS  2008 2007 2006  Tzs000 Tzs000 Tzs000 Revenue sale of goods 121,349,244 93,784,426 77,626,645 Cost of sales 68,871,990 51,057,886 -45,952,752 Gross profit 52,477,254 42,726,540 31,673,893     Other operating income 999,277 1,267,303 396,414 Other operating expense -146,016 Selling expenses 0 Administrative expenses -7,327,710 -7,590,738 -7,148,240 Depreciation and amortization -2,207,366 -2,024,505 -1,895,277 Profit from operations 42,799,272 34,378,600 23,026,790     Share of profit of associates 987,282 431,432 90,000 Finance cost -312,057 -122,720 -137,377 Finance revenue 31,382  1,553 Foreign exchange gains /(losses) -286,853 -265,467 84,457 Impairemnt of an associate Profit before tax 43,219,026 34,421,845 23,065,423 Income tax expense -12,965,708 -10,831,187 -7,067,479 Profit for the year 30,253,318 23,590,658 15,997,944     Gaining in fair value    Total comprehensive for year 30,253,318 23,590,658 15,997,944 Basic earnings per share (Tzs) 475 371 251 Diluted earnings per share (Tzs 475 185 251 Table 1. TANGA CEMENT BALANCE SHEET COMPREHENSIVE BALANCE SHEET FOR TANGA CEMENT AS AT 31 DECEMBER  YEARS 2008 2007 2006 Tzs000 Tzs000 Tzs 000 ASSETS    Non-current assets    Property, plant and equipment 58,776,827 40,811,579 25,226,657 Intangible asset 39,836 79,674 119,512 Due from Employees share trust 133,009 Investment in associates 468,959 435,677 418,246  59,285,622 41,326,930 25,897,424 Current assets    Inventories 21,138,953 17,688,472 9,113,426 Accounts receivable third party and other 4,600,852 3,219,070 3,906,770 Cash and bank 3,804,282 6,552,597 10,112,629  29,544,087 27,460,139 23,132,825 TOTAL ASSETS 88,829,709 68,787,069 49,030,249     EQUITY AND LIABILITIES    Capital and Reserves    Issued share capital 1,273,421 1,273,421 1,273,421 Re-valuation surplus 2,795,906 2,933,351 3,081,673 Retained earnings 57,337,761 46,307,762 31,100,806  61,407,088 50,514,534 35,455,900     Non-current Liabilities    Provision for site restoration 53,444 49,443 45,442 Deferred tax provision 6,340,887 3,795,940 4,467,136  6,394,331 3,845,383 4,512,578     Current liabilities    Interest bearing borrowing 6,078,136 1,027,386 419,554 Trade and other payables 14,422,864 11,547,684 8,627,451 Income tax payable 527,290 1,852,082 14,766  21,028,290 14,427,152 9,061,771 TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 88,829,709 68,787,069 49,030,249 Table 2. TANGA CEMENT INCOME STATEMENT 2.2.1 Trend analysis This is the financial analytical tool which compares two or more years financial data to study the trends. According to a lecture delivered as part of module ARUM58EKM, It involves the calculation of percentage relationship that each statement item bears to the same item in the BASE YEAR (Arora 2012). 2.2.1.1The trend Analysis for Tanga cement The analysis and interpretation of the financial statements of Tanga cement made with calculation of trend percentages comes out with the following: Sales and cost of goods sold have shown a positive increase throughout the three years. This situation is viewed as favorable because it enhances the increase the in gross profit. So Tanga cement should try to maintain the strategy is using in increasing its sales. Net profit was tremendously increasing from year to year accompanied with the increase of fixed assets and capital and reserves. The analysis shows that the situation is favorable and the company has a good policy of manufacturing and trading. 2.2.2 Ratio analysis Ratio analysis is the financial analytical tool which is used to explain the important association between figures shown on a balance sheet, in income statement, cash flow statement or in any other part of accounting organisation. Ratios show how one number is related to another. It may be expressed in the form of co-efficient, percentage, proportion, or rate (accountingformanagement.com 2011) 2.2.2.1 Ratio analysis and valuation for Tanga Cement Company a. Profitability Ratio According to Atrill P and McLaney E (2008) is the ratio that provides an insight to the degree of success of the business in making the good profit to their owner. Return on Sales This ratio is used to evaluate companys operational efficiency. It is also known as operating profit margin. It shows how much profit is produced per Shs of Sales. Increase in ROS it shows the company is growing more efficient while a decreasing in ROS could signal looming financial troubles. Return on Sales = Net Income (before tax and interest changes) Sales Year 2010 2009 2008 Tanga Cement 0.305 0.376 0.353 Standard 1.91 1.91 1.91 Table3: Summary of return on sales ratios In our analysis we found the average ROS for Tanga Cement is 0.23 while the industry average ratio is 1.91 so this implies that the company is not operating efficiently because its ROS value is low from the industry average. The management of Tanga cement should try to come up with a good strategy that will help them to boost profit and sales. Return on Assets This ratio is used for measuring the return of total investment in the firm. Return on Assets = Net Income after Tax x100 Total Asset Year 2008 2007 2006 Tanga Cement 34.05% 34.29% 32.6% Standard 1.81% 1.81% 1.81% Table4: Summary of return on Assets ratios For Tanga Cement we found that, the average return on asset is 33.64 while industrial average ratio is 1.81%.This shows that Tanga Cement is significantly above the industry average ratio. For this case the company is in a good position on the return of total investment, hence the company has high ability of growing. b. Liquidity Ratio According to Atrill P and McLaney E (2008) It is the vital to the survival of the business that there is sufficient liquid resource available to meet maturing obligation (that is amount owing that must be paid in the near future). Mostly it is measured by Current Ratio and the Quick Ratio. Current Ratio This ratio falls under category of liquidity ratio it measures companys ability to meet its maturing short term obligation Current Ratio = Current Asset x100 Current Liabilities Year 2008 2007 2006 Tanga Cement 1.4 1.9 2.55 Standard 1.83 1.83 1.83 Table5: Summary of current ratios Current ratio for Tanga Cement is 1.94 times while industrial ratio is 1.83 times. Hence this indicates that Tanga Cement is in a good position to meet its both long term and short liabilities which is good because, in situation like this the company can grow. Quick Ratio The ratio measures the companys ability to meet its short term obligation with its most liquid assets. Quick Ratio = Current Asset -Inventories Current Liabilities Year 2008 2007 2006 Tanga Cement 0.4 0.68 1.55 Standard 1.09 1.09 1.09 Table6: Summary of quick ratios Quick ratio for Tanga Cement is 0.87 times while industrial average ratio is 1.09 times, this indicates that Tanga Cement is below industrial average by 0.14 times. Hence this is not favorable financial position. The difference is not big but, the difference indicates the company cannot meet its entire obligation; it has to make sure it has enough cash to meet its obligation. c. Activity Ratios Inventory Turnover Ideally the ratio show how many times the companys inventory is sold and replaced over the period of time. Inventory Turnover = Cost of Sales Average Inventory Year 2008 2007 2006 Tanga Cement 3.26 2.89 5 Standard 10.46 10.46 10.46 Table7: Summary of inventory turnover ratios Inventory turnover in Tanga Cement is 3.71 times while the industry average is 10.46 times. This shows Tanga Cement is not in favorable financial position since its turnover is 3.67 times compared to 10.46 times of industrial average ratio, hence the degree at which the inventory will be sold and replaced in Tanga cement is 3.67 times, this is the low turnover. The company is doing worse on this part because its turnover is almost two times less from industry average.it shows that the companys resources have not been properly utilized. Analysis and interpretation of balance sheet and income statement for Tanga cement. 1. Capital and reserves at first increased by 1.12% from 2006 to 2007, in the year 2008 it declined by 4.31%. This means that the company in 2008 was generating much loss that caused its reserve to decrease as well as capital which resulted to decrease in company wealth. 2. Investment in non current assets increased from 52.18% to 66.74 from 2006 to 2008. The investment done in the preceding years was beneficial to the company thats why the investment in 2008 declined because there was no need of investing much. 3. Current assets generally have been decreasing from 47.18% to 33.29% from 2006 to 2008. Cash and bank was decreasing from year to year this is a good sign since short term obligations such as current liabilities have been resolved by cash and bank. The company has no need of holding cash and bank while it needs to make profit using that money 3: LIMITATIONS ON FINANCIAL ANALYTICAL TOOLS USED When calculating the financial ratios, may find getting two types of answers. Some ratios might be good and some might be bad ratios compared to industry standard, which will make it difficult to judge if the company is I a good position or not. Financial ratios are giving the actual financial picture of the company whether the company is going at the right or wrong direction. These ratios do not give a solution of what to do if things go wrong. In analytical tools, the data which is used is only accounting data instead of economic data. In doing financial ratios analysis, data that is used are obtained from bank statement, balance sheet and cash flows of previous years. This shows that they are using historical data which is bad because they do not reflect the actual economic situation. In financial analysis ,data obtained cannot be used alone, the data obtained must be compared with other data so as to get actual interpretation Different accounting practices can di stort comparison even within the same company. A good example is one can use LIFO and one use FIFO; the answers will definitely be different. The set standard industry financial ratios are not authentic because the levels of business differ from place to place. A good example is on IT industry. The level of technology in third world countries is very low, so logically third world countries wont be able to meet the set standard due to our level of technology. 4: CONCLUSION Tanga Cement Company Limited has been doing well in production and making sound profit year after year. Tanga Cement is also the second largest cement producer in Tanzania with a production of 1.25 million tpa capacity. Tanzania Portland Cement in Dar es Salaam is the major (largest) producer with a production capacity totaling 1.4 million tpa. This revelation has been resulted from the Company financial Statements and Financial Analytical tools (Ratio Analysis, Common sized analysis and Trend Analysis). Generally the performance of Tanga Cement Co. LTD is good.

President John F. Kennedy - 1738 Words

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Informative Punk rock Essay Example For Students

Informative: Punk rock Essay Punk music is usually defined by power chords, raw vocals and high energy performance. Punk rock is the best music ever created. It is, in short, a thinking mans rock music. And to some, its like God himself ordained punk rock as His preferred music of choice. Why? Because its just that good. Hundreds of faithful teens and twenty-something adults pack themselves into basements shows like sardines in a tin, just to have their holy gospel delivered to them by guys with names like Johnny Rotten, Justin Sane or Davey Havok. Punk rock is the best musical style for numerous reasons. The reasons might seem simple, but the difference between punk and mainstream music is that punk is just better. Its clever, thoughtful and passionate. On the other hand, Brittany Spears and the rest of the MTV pop brigade are just dull, witless morons trying to see who can be the biggest whore on television. Punk is written with a purpose. A message is behind every heartfelt yelp and strain of the vocal chords. Lyrically, it is about more than just a high school romance. It deals with real issues in an honest fashion. The punk movement began in England as a medium for overly zealous political patrons to preach their messages of anti-conformity and anti-government to the faithful gathered at their shows each night. In their first single, God Save The Queen, The Sex Pistols were telling the youth of England that the Queen was a fascist and inhuman. The Sex Pistols also reacted to the stark social conditions that infected Great Britain in the late seventies: rising unemployment, a hard-line, conservative government, and a depressed post-industrial economy. With a hopeless future at the horizon, the restless youth in Britain had plenty of things to get angry about. 03The Sex Pistols embodied the anger and restless ambition. The Ramones, The Clash, The Dead Kennedys and the other punk bands o f the late 1960s were all making their political claims. As time went on, there have always been punk bands to carry the torch. In recent years, bands like Angelic Upstarts, Drop Kick Murphy, Flogging Molly and Anti-flag have all had political messages. There is no shrinking to the sidelines to croon love songs and high school graduation themes. That certainly does not mean that all punk rock is political. It just means that punk rock has always been thoughtful and fully aware of what goes on in society, and that awareness has been reflected in the music. Anti-conformity has always been a prominent thread running through punk. The unofficial creed has always been that to truly define yourself you cant be like your parents or your friends. You have to be yourself and to cut yourself out of stone. Each punk band you ever encounter will be slightly different from all the others. Some bands are lyrically different for their song lyrics, some for their guitar chords, and some for the theme of their music. But whatever the music is about, you can always be assured that it will be high energy, raw, and honest. The artists always tried to reinvent their performance to be new, and something that no one else had. Often the bands sing lyrics with a whiney and sneering vocal quality, delivering their message with twisted sarcasm and in addition, singing out of sync at times, adding to the chaotic sounds already produced by the other instruments. In closing, punk rock was never made to be sugar-coated background music supplied by MTV for the masse s. It was never meant to be harmless, bland, complacent or 04ready made for mass consumption. Punk rock is about the message. And now it seems that because the industry has decided to re-package punk as something fresh and new and as a happy-go-lucky-be-my-girlfriend-or-Ill-cry phenomena, there are millions of teens and twenty-something adults thinking that they are punk rockers because they can go to any Hot Topic in America and buy their new punk identity for $49.99 plus sales tax. In reality, these kids find the true original punk ideals and ways of life just as shocking as the establishment did in the 1970s. This is not to say that there arent any good new modern punk bands around, because there are. You just wont find them on MTV.